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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Thymoma diagnosis and categorization in the current scenario: Morphological analysis based on interobserver

Meetu Agrawal1, Megha S Uppin1, Shantveer G Uppin1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Annals of Thoracic Medicine
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification for thymomas demonstrates good reproducibility among pathologists, showing substantial interobserver agreement for accurate thymoma diagnosis and reporting.

Keywords:
Classificationthymomathymus

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Tumor Classification

Background:

  • Thymomas are rare tumors, with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification proposed in 2015 providing detailed diagnostic criteria.
  • Assessing the reproducibility of this WHO classification in daily pathology practice is crucial for consistent diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the interobserver agreement and concordance rates for the WHO 2015 thymoma classification.
  • Correlate WHO subtypes with the Masaoka-Koga staging system.
  • Analyze demographic variations of thymomas in Indian patients compared to global data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 65 thymoma cases at a tertiary care hospital.
  • Independent review of histopathology slides by four pathologists using the WHO 2015 classification.
  • Application of Kappa statistics to assess interobserver agreement.

Main Results:

  • Substantial interobserver agreement was observed, with a Cohen's kappa score of 0.66 for overall thymoma classification.
  • Group B thymomas showed higher agreement scores.
  • A statistically significant correlation was found between WHO subtypes and the Masaoka-Koga staging system.

Conclusions:

  • The 2015 WHO classification for thymic epithelial tumors exhibits good reproducibility among pathologists.
  • This supports its utility in routine pathology reporting for consistent thymoma diagnosis.