Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.2K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.2K
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

484
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
484
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

4.0K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
4.0K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

497
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
497
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

6.8K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
6.8K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.7K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Opportunity knocks: the fourth cohort of the <i>American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology</i> Early Career Editorial Fellowship Program.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2025
Same author

Lung Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveal Diverging Pathobiology and Opportunities for Precision Targeting in Scleroderma-Associated Versus Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine·2025
Same author

Development of a preclinical model of ICU-associated sleep fragmentation and effects on pneumonia recovery in mice.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2025
Same author

Physiological shear stress suppresses apoptosis in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.

Physiological reports·2025
Same author

Every breath you take: exploring macrophages and environmental exposures in the lung-a tribute to Dr. Joseph Brain's legacy.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology·2025
Same author

L-type Calcium Channel Blockade Worsens Glucose Tolerance and β-Cell Function in C57BL6/J Mice Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.8K

Cellular Pathways Promoting Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Hypoxia.

Larissa A Shimoda1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia causes pulmonary vascular remodeling, increasing resistance and potentially leading to right heart failure. This review explores factors influencing this vascular remodeling process.

Keywords:
heart failurehypoxiaremodeling

More Related Videos

Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
13:32

Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices

Published on: January 14, 2014

11.2K
Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis
07:52

Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis

Published on: December 21, 2014

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.8K
Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
13:32

Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices

Published on: January 14, 2014

11.2K
Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis
07:52

Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis

Published on: December 21, 2014

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Hypoxia elevates pulmonary vascular resistance, increasing pulmonary arterial pressure.
  • This can lead to right heart failure, a serious cardiovascular complication.
  • Vascular remodeling significantly contributes to increased pulmonary vascular resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intrinsic and extrinsic modulators of pulmonary vascular remodeling.
  • To highlight key factors driving vascular changes in response to hypoxia.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the remodeling process in pulmonary hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hypoxia and pulmonary vascular remodeling.
  • Analysis of cellular and extracellular matrix contributions to vascular changes.
  • Identification of intrinsic and extrinsic modulators impacting vascular structure.

Main Results:

  • Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts is a key feature.
  • Extracellular matrix deposition increases vascular wall thickness.
  • Muscle extension into arterioles and vascular stiffening are critical remodeling outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary vascular remodeling is a complex process driven by multiple factors.
  • Understanding these modulators is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting vascular remodeling may prevent or treat hypoxia-induced right heart failure.