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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

123
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
123
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

147
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
147
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

161
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
161
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

189
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
189
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

164
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
164
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

171
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
171

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Mobile Health for Pediatric Weight Management: Systematic Scoping Review.

Louise Tully1, Amanda Burls2, Jan Sorensen3

  • 1School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions show promise for treating childhood obesity, with most studies focusing on development and piloting. Further research is needed on cost-effectiveness and standardized reporting for larger trials.

Keywords:
behavior changechildhood obesityconnected healthdigital healtheHealthlifestyle medicinemHealthweight management

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Digital Health
  • Pediatric Obesity Management

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant global health issue requiring evidence-based interventions.
  • Mobile electronic devices offer a scalable platform for healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and map the literature on mobile health (mHealth) interventions for treating childhood overweight and obesity.
  • To describe the characteristics and scope of published studies in this field.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review was conducted, searching nine databases and gray literature.
  • Included studies focused on mHealth for childhood obesity treatment, assessing acceptability, usability, feasibility, effectiveness, adherence, or cost-effectiveness.
  • Data extraction covered study design, participants, intervention content, behavior change theory (BCT), delivery mode, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 42 eligible studies were identified, focusing on acceptability, usability, feasibility, treatment effect, and fidelity.
  • Commonly measured outcomes included BMI z-scores/percentiles, dietary intake, physical activity, and psychological factors.
  • Short message service (SMS), mobile apps, and wearable devices were the primary mHealth modalities, with 69% of studies specifying a BCT.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric weight management via mHealth is an emerging area, with current research predominantly in developmental and pilot phases.
  • Few large, heterogeneous trials exist, and reporting often lacks adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for eHealth guidelines.
  • A significant evidence gap remains regarding the cost-effectiveness of mHealth interventions for childhood obesity.