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Joao U F Lizarraga1, Marcus A M de Aguiar2

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External stimuli can synchronize swarmalators, particles with coordinated motion and internal phases. Increasing stimulus intensity can lead to synchronization but decreases spatial-behavior correlation, forming unique patterns like spirals or two-cluster formations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Swarmalators combine coordinated spatial movement with internal phase synchronization, analogous to Kuramoto oscillators.
  • External periodic stimuli can influence the synchronization dynamics of such systems.
  • Understanding swarmalator behavior under external forces is crucial for modeling collective phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a two-dimensional external periodic stimulus on swarmalator systems.
  • To analyze how stimulus intensity affects phase synchronization and spatial-behavior correlation.
  • To identify emergent patterns and dynamics in response to varying external forces.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating a system of two-dimensional swarmalators subjected to an external periodic force.
  • Analyzing phase synchronization and the correlation between particle phases and spatial locations.
  • Characterizing emergent spatial patterns, including aggregation, spiraling, and cluster formation.

Main Results:

  • External forces synchronize swarmalator phases and angular velocities with the stimulus frequency.
  • Increasing force intensity reduces phase-spatial correlation, leading to a loss of coordinated movement at critical values.
  • Emergent patterns include static circular distributions, stable spirals, and dynamic two-cluster formations with particle exchange or collisions.

Conclusions:

  • External periodic stimuli can effectively synchronize swarmalator internal dynamics.
  • The interplay between stimulus intensity and swarmalator parameters dictates the emergence of complex spatial patterns.
  • Swarmalator systems exhibit rich collective behaviors, transitioning from synchronized motion to diverse aggregative and dynamic patterns under external influence.