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How ISG15 combats viral infection

Brendan T Freitas1, Florine E M Scholte2, Éric Bergeron2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.

Virus Research
|June 4, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is a key protein in controlling microbial infections by regulating cellular antiviral responses. Viruses interact with ISG15, attempting to evade or utilize its functions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein crucial for innate immunity.
  • ISG15 regulates cellular responses, contributing to an antiviral state against microbial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse roles of ISG15 in the antiviral immune response.
  • To examine viral strategies for mitigating or exploiting ISG15 activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ISG15 functions and viral interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying ISG15-mediated antiviral activity.
  • Examination of viral evasion tactics targeting ISG15.

Main Results:

  • ISG15 modulates numerous cellular signaling pathways, impacting host and viral proteins.
  • ISG15 plays a versatile role in establishing antiviral defense mechanisms.
  • Viruses have evolved strategies to interfere with ISG15's antiviral functions.

Conclusions:

  • ISG15 is a central mediator of the antiviral state with broad regulatory functions.
  • Understanding ISG15-virus interactions is critical for developing antiviral therapies.
Keywords:
CoronavirusISG15Innate immune responseNairovirusViral pathogenesisdeISGylase

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