Nanostructured Medical Adhesives

Suturing has been the gold standard approach to close wounds for many decades. However, suturing causes tissue damage, which is accompanied by foreign body reaction, entry of pathogens, complications, infection, or death. In addition, the procedure is usually time-consuming, requiring manual dexterity and free moving space. Other adhesive approaches have been proposed and demonstrated with great potential, including laser-assisted tissue closure with either photothermal or photochemical reactions, application of nanoparticles, glues, constructs based on extracellular matrix (ECM), microbarbs, bio-inspired structures, and tape. The quality of closure has been evaluated by histological methods, indexing, morphology, tensile testing, patency rate, leakage pressure, and burst pressure. All the novel tissue joining methods aim to provide an adhesive with appropriate strength, non-cytotoxicity, and minimal damage. The capability for rapid attachment and release may further reduce surgical procedure time. More research is needed to prove the feasibility of new tissue joining techniques based on the type of tissue, surface chemistry, and working environment.