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Low sleep efficiency does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function in young adults.

Matthew C Scott1, Austin C Hogwood2, Richard C Fralin1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

Experimental Physiology
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Young adults with low sleep quality show no significant differences in vascular or autonomic function compared to those with high sleep quality. This suggests young adults may adapt to or be unaffected by poor sleep impacts.

Keywords:
heart rate variabilitysleep qualityvascular function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

  • Poor sleep quality is commonly associated with negative health outcomes, including impaired vascular function and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation.
  • However, the specific impact of low sleep quality on vascular and autonomic function in healthy young adults remains incompletely understood.
  • This study investigates whether young adults with objectively measured low sleep quality exhibit compromised vascular and ANS function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if young adults reporting low sleep quality have diminished vascular function.
  • To assess if low sleep quality is associated with altered autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults.
  • To compare vascular and autonomic function between young adults with high and low sleep efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-one healthy young adults underwent a 7-night sleep assessment using accelerometry.
  • Participants were categorized into high sleep efficiency (HSE) and low sleep efficiency (LSE) groups based on sleep data.
  • Vascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial and superficial femoral arteries, and autonomic modulation was evaluated via heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in sleep quality parameters were confirmed between the LSE and HSE groups, with the LSE group experiencing more awakenings and time awake.
  • Despite these sleep quality disparities, no significant differences in upper or lower limb vascular function (FMD) were observed between the LSE and HSE groups.
  • Furthermore, no significant differences in heart rate variability measures, indicative of autonomic modulation, were found between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Low sleep quality in young adults does not appear to significantly impair peripheral vascular function.
  • Autonomic nervous system modulation, as assessed by heart rate variability, is not substantially altered in young adults with low sleep quality.
  • These findings suggest that young adults may possess resilience or adaptive mechanisms that mitigate the typically expected negative vascular and autonomic consequences of poor sleep.