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MicroRNA: Potential biomarker and target of therapy in acute lung injury

Z-F Jiang1, L Zhang1, J Shen1

  • 1Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Human & Experimental Toxicology
|June 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that play a key role in acute lung injury (ALI). These molecules may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes in respiratory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules (18-22 nucleotides) involved in regulating gene expression.
  • They are conserved across species and influence crucial biological processes like cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.
  • Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory condition with high mortality, often resulting from direct or indirect injury factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of ALI.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for ALI diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting miRNAs for ALI treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression and function in ALI.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA-mediated regulation of cellular processes relevant to ALI.
  • Examination of data linking specific miRNAs to ALI development and recovery.

Main Results:

  • Altered expression of various miRNAs has been observed in ALI patients.
  • Certain miRNAs demonstrate protective effects by suppressing cellular injury and modulating immune responses in ALI.
  • miRNAs target specific molecules involved in the pathophysiology of ALI.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are significant regulators in the context of ALI.
  • miRNAs hold promise as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ALI.
  • Targeting miRNAs represents a viable therapeutic strategy for managing ALI and related respiratory diseases.
Keywords:
acute lung injurybiomarkermiRNAtherapy

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