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Recirculation versus flow-through rainbow trout laboratory Flavobacterium columnare challenge.

Clayton Birkett1, Ryan Lipscomb, Travis Moreland

  • 1National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA), USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A recirculating challenge system improved reproducibility for Flavobacterium columnare immersion challenges in rainbow trout. This controlled environment led to lower mortality and better consistency compared to traditional flow-through systems.

Keywords:
Flavobacterium columnareFlow-through and recirculation systemImmersion challenge

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic animal health
  • Fish disease modeling
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Flavobacterium columnare causes significant challenges in aquaculture, with disease susceptibility influenced by water quality parameters.
  • Current immersion challenge methods using flow-through systems exhibit poor reproducibility due to uncontrolled environmental variables.
  • Improving challenge model consistency is crucial for accurate fish disease research and development of effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the reproducibility of a recirculating immersion challenge system versus a traditional flow-through system for Flavobacterium columnare.
  • To evaluate the impact of system type on rainbow trout mortality, bacterial load, and key water quality parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty rainbow trout families were subjected to identical Flavobacterium columnare immersion challenges in both flow-through and recirculating systems.
  • Mortality rates, bacterial concentrations, and environmental parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, calcium, hardness) were monitored.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the two challenge systems.

Main Results:

  • The recirculating system showed significantly lower average mortality (42%) compared to the flow-through system (77%).
  • While mean days to death and aquaria variation were similar, family mortality correlation was low in the recirculating system, indicating better reproducibility.
  • The recirculating system maintained higher dissolved oxygen and pH, and lower calcium and hardness, despite a lower water replacement rate.

Conclusions:

  • A recirculating immersion challenge system offers improved reproducibility for studying Flavobacterium columnare in rainbow trout.
  • Environmental parameter control in recirculating systems mitigates variability, leading to more reliable challenge outcomes.
  • This model provides a foundation for empirically identifying and controlling environmental factors that influence fish disease susceptibility and mortality.