Inactive dimeric structure of the protease domain of stomatin operon partner protein

The N-terminal region of the stomatin operon partner protein (STOPP) PH1510 (1510-N) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii is a serine protease with a catalytic Ser-Lys dyad (Ser97 and Lys138) and specifically cleaves the C-terminal hydrophobic region of the p-stomatin PH1511. In a form of human hemolytic anemia known as hereditary stomatocytosis, stomatin is deficient in the erythrocyte membrane owing to mis-trafficking. Stomatin is thought to act as an oligomeric scaffolding protein to support cell membranes. The cleavage of stomatin by STOPP might be involved in a regulatory system. Several crystal structures of 1510-N have previously been determined: the wild type, the K138A mutant and its complex with a substrate peptide. Here, the crystal structure of the S97A mutant of 1510-N (1510-N S97A) was determined at 2.25 Å resolution. The structure contained two 1510-N S97A molecules in the asymmetric unit. On the superposition of one monomer of the 1510-N S97A and wild-type dimers, the S97A C^α atom of the other monomer of 1510-N S97A deviated by 23 Å from that of the wild type. This result indicates that 1510-N can greatly change the form of its dimer. Because of crystallographic symmetry in space group P6₅, a sixfold helical structure is constructed using the 1510-N dimer as a basic unit. This helical structure may be common to STOPP structures.