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Related Concept Videos

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Principles of Drug Action01:24

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Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

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Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Potential pharmacological agents for COVID-19.

Anita Kotwani1, Sumanth Gandra2

  • 1Professor, Department of Pharmacology, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Public Health
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Current COVID-19 treatments are supportive. While remdesivir may hasten recovery, no drug has proven effective in peer-reviewed trials for treating or preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Keywords:
Adjunctive therapycoronavirus disease 2019investigational antiviral agentspotential pharmacological agentssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global pandemic.
  • Current management strategies for COVID-19 are primarily supportive.
  • Numerous clinical trials are investigating existing and novel agents for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of pharmacological agents and therapies under investigation for COVID-19.
  • To discuss potential treatment options and adjunctive agents for infected patients.
  • To explore agents for chemoprophylaxis in preventing COVID-19 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ongoing clinical trials and investigational agents for COVID-19.
  • Analysis of pharmacological therapies being evaluated for treatment and prevention.
  • Assessment of current evidence for treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • At the time of writing, no peer-reviewed randomized clinical trial data demonstrate improved outcomes with any pharmacological agent for COVID-19.
  • Remdesivir, an investigational antiviral, has been reported to hasten clinical recovery, pending peer-reviewed publication.

Conclusions:

  • No definitive pharmacological treatments are currently established for COVID-19 based on robust clinical trial evidence.
  • Further research and peer-reviewed data are crucial to establish effective treatments and preventive strategies for COVID-19.
  • Investigational agents like remdesivir show potential but require further validation.