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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
07:39

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Newborn transient patterned hyperpigmentation and anophthalmia.

Oscar F Chacón Camacho1,2, Rocío Arce-González1, Genaro Rodríguez Uribe3

  • 1Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.

Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Transient pigmentary lines of the newborn, a rare skin condition, were observed with anophthalmia in a unique case. Genetic analysis ruled out common mutations, suggesting somatic mutations may cause this rare newborn condition.

Keywords:
AnoftalmiaAnophthalmiaLineal skin hyperpigmentationLíneas transitorias hiperpigmentadasMIFTPiel lineal hiperpigmentadaSOX2SRY-box 2Transient pigmentary lines

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transient pigmentary lines of the newborn are rare cutaneous lesions with an unknown cause.
  • Few cases have been documented in medical literature.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with both transient pigmentary lines and ocular malformation (anophthalmia).
  • This marks the eighth reported case of transient pigmentary lines globally and the first associated with anophthalmia.

Findings:

  • Molecular analysis of SOX2 and MIFT genes was performed to investigate potential monogenetic causes.
  • No mutations were found in the SOX2 and MIFT genes, excluding these specific genetic factors.

Implications:

  • The findings suggest that somatic mutations, rather than inherited ones, might be responsible for this rare condition.
  • This case expands the understanding of transient pigmentary lines and their potential association with developmental anomalies.