Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.2K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

8.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.0K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

15.6K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
15.6K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

4.2K
4.2K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.1K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.1K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

8.5K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dopamine drives persistent remodelling of the maternal brain.

Nature·2026
Same author

Quinone reductase 2 <i>reads</i> H3 serotonylation to support neuronal maturation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Transcriptional regulation of ventral hippocampus-nucleus accumbens circuit excitability drives cocaine seeking.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Reimagining biogenic amine signaling in the brain and beyond.

Trends in neurosciences·2025
Same author

Mechanical control of histone serotonylation initiates neural crest migration <i>in vivo</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The SWI/SNF-related protein SMARCA3 is a histone H3K23 ubiquitin ligase that regulates H3K9me3 in cancer.

Molecular cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

30.2K

Nothing Is Yet Set in (Hi)stone: Novel Post-Translational Modifications Regulating Chromatin Function.

Jennifer C Chan1, Ian Maze2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Recent discoveries reveal novel histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) impacting gene regulation and cellular processes. This review explores new PTMs, their mechanisms, and roles in development and disease.

Keywords:
acylationglycationhistone code hypothesislipidationmonoaminylationnonenzymatic adduction

More Related Videos

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.8K
Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

30.2K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.8K
Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key regulators of biological pathways.
  • Recent years have seen the discovery of novel histone PTMs, including acylation, lipidation, monoaminylation, and glycation.
  • These modifications influence nucleosome stability and transcriptional regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel histone PTMs identified in the last decade.
  • To focus on enzymatic versus nonenzymatic mechanisms of histone modification and adduction.
  • To explore the integration of these PTMs into the 'histone code' framework.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways.
  • Synthesis of findings related to the 'histone code'.

Main Results:

  • Identification and characterization of several new histone PTMs.
  • Elucidation of diverse mechanisms driving these modifications.
  • Evidence for the physiological relevance of novel PTMs in various biological contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Novel histone PTMs significantly expand our understanding of epigenetic regulation.
  • These modifications play critical roles in metabolism, development, and disease.
  • Further research into the 'histone code' is warranted to understand complex biological processes.