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Anti-CRISPR Proteins in Archaea.

Xu Peng1, David Mayo-Muñoz1, Yuvaraj Bhoobalan-Chitty1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.

Trends in Microbiology
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered novel archaeal anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins from SIRV2, inhibiting CRISPR-Cas systems I-D and III-B. This expands our understanding of Acr diversity beyond bacteria.

Keywords:
AcrID1AcrIIIB1ArchaeaSulfolobus rod-shaped virus 2 (SIRV2)anti-CRISPR (Acr)archaeal virus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in prokaryotes.
  • Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are natural inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems.
  • Most characterized Acrs originate from bacteria, with few identified in Archaea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize novel anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins from Archaea.
  • To investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of archaeal Acrs against specific CRISPR-Cas subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of Acrs encoded by Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 (SIRV2).
  • Investigating the inhibition of subtype I-D CRISPR-Cas by AcrID1 via interaction with Cas10d.
  • Analyzing the mechanism of AcrIIIB1 in inhibiting subtype III-B CRISPR-Cas immunity.

Main Results:

  • Discovery and characterization of archaeal Acrs, AcrID1 and AcrIIIB1, from SIRV2.
  • AcrID1 directly inhibits subtype I-D CRISPR-Cas by targeting the Cas10d subunit.
  • AcrIIIB1 inhibits subtype III-B CRISPR-Cas by interfering with middle/late gene targeting.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the known repertoire of anti-CRISPR proteins to the domain Archaea.
  • Archaeal Acrs, like AcrID1 and AcrIIIB1, possess distinct inhibitory mechanisms.
  • Developing efficient screening methods is crucial for discovering more archaeal Acrs and understanding their diversity.