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Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels.
Sun Jung Oh1, Maya Pimentel1, Gabriela G S Leite1
1Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Campylobacter jejuni may cause acute appendicitis. This study found higher C. jejuni DNA levels in appendicitis patients, suggesting targeted antibiotics as a potential treatment for non-complicated cases.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency.
- The role of specific bacteria in appendicitis pathogenesis is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare appendiceal microbiomes in patients with acute appendicitis and healthy controls.
- To determine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in appendicitis.
Main Methods:
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing of appendiceal tissues from 50 appendicitis patients and 35 controls.
- Quantitative PCR to detect Campylobacter DNA levels.
Main Results:
- Appendiceal microbiomes showed significant differences in beta diversity between groups.
- Relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria were increased in appendicitis samples.
- Campylobacter jejuni DNA levels were significantly higher in appendicitis cases (40%) compared to controls (6%), with an odds ratio of 10.38.
Conclusions:
- Campylobacter jejuni is implicated as a significant cause of acute appendicitis.
- Findings support targeted antibiotic therapy for a subset of non-complicated appendicitis cases.
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