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Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

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Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

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A New Representative Sampling Method for Series Size Rock Joint Surfaces.

Man Huang1,2, Chenjie Hong3, Chengrong Ma3

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng West Road, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China. hmcadx@126.com.

Scientific Reports
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Representative sampling is crucial for rock joint surfaces due to variability in smaller samples. This study introduces a new method combining layering and K-medoids clustering for stable, intelligent sampling of joint surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Rock Mechanics
  • Sampling Theory

Background:

  • Variability in shear strength and roughness is significant in smaller rock joint samples.
  • Representative sampling is essential for accurate geotechnical assessments.
  • Existing sampling methods may not adequately capture the heterogeneity of large-scale rock joints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a representative sampling method for series-sized joint surfaces.
  • To address the need for accurate characterization of rock joint morphology.
  • To enhance the reliability of geotechnical testing through improved sampling strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Progressive coverage statistical method to ensure sufficient sample capacity.
  • Measurement of joint surface morphology using 3D roughness parameters.
  • Application of a novel sampling method combining layering principle and K-medoids clustering algorithm.
  • Validation of interlayer cluster center representativeness.

Main Results:

  • A new sampling method was proposed and applied to nine natural large-scale rock joints.
  • 121 samples were acquired for each of nine consecutive sampling sizes (100mm x 100mm to 900mm x 900mm).
  • The proposed method demonstrated better stability compared to traditional stratified sampling.
  • Results indicate the potential for intelligent sampling methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sampling method effectively screens representative joint samples for various sizes.
  • The proposed technique offers improved stability and accuracy in characterizing rock joint surfaces.
  • Intelligent sampling of rock joints is feasible, enhancing the reliability of geotechnical data.