Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

3.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
3.7K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.4K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.0K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diverse germline-targeting HIV Env immunogens select for distinct mutations in the same knock-in mice B cell receptors.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control.

Nature·2026
Same author

Linear RAG scanning mediates editing of Igκ variable region repertoires.

Nature·2026
Same author

Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron broadly neutralizing humanized antibodies in different single human V<sub>H</sub>1-2-rearranging mouse models.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Identification and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Microenvironmental stiffness directs microtubule perturbation in chondrocyte mitosis via ILK-refilinB/Smad3 axis.

Bone research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

13.2K

BCR selection and affinity maturation in Peyer's patch germinal centres.

Huan Chen1,2,3, Yuxiang Zhang1,2,3, Adam Yongxin Ye1,2,3

  • 1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota influences B cell receptor repertoires in mouse Peyer's patches, selecting specific antibody clonotypes reactive to bacterial glycans. This research reveals how persistent gut antigens drive chronic germinal center responses and antibody affinity maturation.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.3K
Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches

Published on: November 21, 2018

13.2K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.3K
Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B cell receptors (BCR) and antibodies are crucial for immune responses, with their diversity generated by V(D)J recombination.
  • Germinal centers (GCs) are sites of B cell maturation, but chronic GCs in Peyer's patches (PPs) and their BCR repertoires remain poorly understood.
  • Gut microbiota significantly impacts intestinal immunity, including the development of PPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physiological BCR repertoires and somatic hypermutation patterns in mouse PP GCs.
  • To investigate the role of gut microbiota in shaping BCR repertoires within PPs.
  • To understand the selection mechanisms and affinity maturation processes in chronic PP GCs.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing to analyze V(D)J segment usage and somatic hypermutation profiles in mouse PP GCs.
  • Comparative analysis of BCR repertoires in mice with and without specific gut microbiota.
  • Fecal microbiota transfer experiments from specific-pathogen-free to germ-free mice.

Main Results:

  • Mouse PP GCs expand public BCR clonotypes with canonical CDR3s, frequently observed due to junctional biases in V(D)J recombination.
  • Some public clonotypes are microbiota-dependent and encode antibodies reactive to bacterial glycans, while others are independent.
  • Fecal transfer restored germ-dependent clonotypes, directly implicating BCR selection by gut microbiota. Recurrent somatic hypermutations indicate affinity maturation in PP GCs.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent gut antigens select recurrent BCR clonotypes, seeding chronic PP GC responses.
  • Gut microbiota plays a critical role in shaping BCR repertoires and immune responses in Peyer's patches.
  • Affinity maturation occurs in mouse PP GCs under homeostatic conditions, driven by antigen selection.