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Related Concept Videos

Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

4.0K
Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

Constant Volume Calorimetry

30.2K
Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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Atomic-Resolution Cryo-STEM Across Continuously Variable Temperatures.

Berit H Goodge1,2, Elisabeth Bianco2, Noah Schnitzer3

  • 1School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM) holders enable stable, atomic-resolution imaging across variable temperatures. This advancement is crucial for studying quantum materials and their temperature-dependent phase diagrams.

Keywords:
atomic-resolutioncryo-STEMcryo-stagesside-entry TEM holdervariable temperature STEM

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Electron Microscopy

Background:

  • Atomic-resolution cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM) is vital for investigating quantum materials.
  • Studying temperature-dependent phase diagrams requires cryo-STEM techniques adaptable to a broad temperature range.
  • Existing cryo-holders suffer from significant sample drift due to temperature fluctuations, hindering high-resolution imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a novel side-entry, continuously variable temperature dual-tilt cryo-holder for atomic-resolution cryo-STEM.
  • To assess the thermal stability and drift rates of the new cryo-holder across a wide temperature spectrum.
  • To overcome experimental challenges associated with temperature tuning in cryo-STEM.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of liquid nitrogen cooling with a 6-pin micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sample heater in a new cryo-holder.
  • Measurement of sample drift rates during continuous temperature variation.
  • Atomic-resolution cryo-STEM imaging performed from approximately 100 K to above room temperature.
  • Comparative drift stability measurements across various commercial sample stages.

Main Results:

  • Consistently low drift rates of 0.3-0.4 Å/s were achieved.
  • Atomic-resolution cryo-STEM imaging was successfully demonstrated across a continuously variable temperature range (~100 K to well above room temperature).
  • The new cryo-holder effectively mitigates drift issues associated with temperature changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cryo-holder significantly enhances the stability and flexibility of cryo-STEM experiments.
  • This technology opens new avenues for exploring temperature-dependent phenomena in quantum materials.
  • Further development of ultra-stable, flexible cryo-stages is supported by these findings.