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Births: Final Data for 2018.

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    In 2018, U.S. births declined, with lower fertility and teen birth rates, but increased births for women aged 35-44. Preterm birth rates rose, while smoking during pregnancy decreased.

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    Area of Science:

    • Demography
    • Public Health
    • Reproductive Health

    Background:

    • The United States experienced a 2% decline in registered births in 2018 compared to 2017.
    • Fertility patterns and maternal/infant characteristics are crucial indicators of population health and trends.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present 2018 data on U.S. births, analyzing trends in fertility, maternal, and infant characteristics.
    • To interpret changes in birth patterns, including maternal age, race, prenatal care, and delivery methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Descriptive tabulations of 3.79 million U.S. births in 2018 using birth certificate data.
    • Analysis of trends from 2010-2018 for selected birth characteristics, including race and Hispanic origin (2016-2018).

    Main Results:

    • The general fertility rate declined to 59.1/1,000 women (15-44), and the birth rate for females 15-19 fell 7%.
    • Birth rates decreased for women aged 20-34 but increased for ages 35-44. Preterm birth rate rose to 10.02%, while smoking during pregnancy decreased to 6.5%.
    • Cesarean delivery rate declined to 31.9%, and Medicaid covered 42.3% of births. Multiple birth rates decreased.

    Conclusions:

    • The U.S. experienced a continued decline in overall fertility in 2018, with notable shifts in age-specific birth rates.
    • While prenatal care access and reduced smoking during pregnancy improved, the rising preterm birth rate remains a public health concern.