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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

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In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Analyzing Oxygen Consumption Rate in Primary Cultured Mouse Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Tead1 is essential for mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes.

Ruya Liu1, Rajaganapathi Jagannathan2,3, Lingfei Sun1

  • 1Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tead1, a key Hippo pathway effector, is vital for cardiomyocyte energy production. Its absence impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, crucial for heart function and potentially a target for heart failure therapies.

Keywords:
Hippo pathwayTead1heart failuremetabolismmitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Transcriptional Regulation

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to heart failure pathogenesis.
  • The Hippo-Tead pathway's role in cardiomyocyte bioenergetics remains largely unexplored.
  • Tead1 is a critical transcriptional effector of the Hippo pathway in adult cardiomyocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Tead1 in regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cardiomyocytes.
  • To determine if Tead1's regulation of mitochondrial function is cell-autonomous.
  • To identify Tead1-regulated genes involved in cardiomyocyte energy metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of mitochondrial bioenergetics in isolated mitochondria from Tead1-knockout hearts.
  • Analysis of electron transport chain complex I activity and expression.
  • Transcriptomic analysis of Tead1-knockout myocardium.
  • Ex vivo loss-of-function studies in primary cardiomyocytes.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Tead1 significantly decreased mitochondrial respiratory rates and electron transport chain complex I activity.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of genes involved in OXPHOS, TCA cycle, and fatty acid oxidation in Tead1-knockout hearts.
  • Tead1 deficiency in primary cardiomyocytes impaired aerobic respiration and maximal oxygen consumption capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Tead1 is a critical cell-autonomous regulator of mitochondrial OXPHOS and cardiomyocyte energy metabolism.
  • Tead1 controls a network of genes essential for mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
  • Tead1 represents a potential therapeutic target for enhancing cardiomyocyte function and cytoprotection in heart failure.