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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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SAFB2 Enables the Processing of Suboptimal Stem-Loop Structures in Clustered Primary miRNA Transcripts.

Katharina Hutter1, Michael Lohmüller1, Almina Jukic1

  • 1Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Molecular Cell
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The scaffold attachment factor B2 (SAFB2) protein assists in processing clustered microRNAs (miRNAs). SAFB2 enables the Microprocessor complex to cleave suboptimal miRNA precursors, revealing a new mechanism in miRNA biogenesis.

Keywords:
DGCR8DROSHAERHMicroprocessorSAFBcluster assistancemiRNAmicroRNAmicroRNA biogenesispri-miRNA processing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene regulators processed from primary transcripts.
  • Clustered miRNAs are typically processed as independent units by the Microprocessor complex.
  • The processing of bicistronic miRNA clusters, like miR-15a-16-1, presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the processing mechanism of the bicistronic miR-15a-16-1 miRNA cluster.
  • To identify factors involved in the processing of pri-miR-15a.
  • To uncover novel roles of accessory proteins in miRNA biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify essential co-factors.
  • Analysis of pri-miRNA processing using molecular biology techniques.
  • Biochemical assays to characterize protein interactions and function.

Main Results:

  • The primary miR-15a stem-loop requires the adjacent primary miR-16-1 stem-loop for efficient processing.
  • SAFB2 was identified as a crucial co-factor for miR-16-1-assisted pri-miR-15 cleavage.
  • SAFB2 acts as an accessory protein to the Microprocessor complex, facilitating the processing of suboptimal substrates in clustered pri-miRNAs.
  • This SAFB2-mediated processing mechanism extends to other clustered pri-miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • SAFB2 plays a significant, previously unrecognized role in miRNA processing.
  • SAFB2 enhances the Microprocessor complex's ability to process clustered, suboptimal miRNA precursors.
  • This discovery reveals a general mechanism for processing clustered pri-miRNAs, expanding our understanding of miRNA biogenesis.