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Oligomycin-induced proton uncoupling.

Abby Hearne1, Haotong Chen1, Anna Monarchino1

  • 1Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.

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|June 6, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oligomycin, a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor, unexpectedly causes rapid proton uncoupling, leading to restored oxygen consumption. This uncoupling effect is cell-type dependent and influenced by metabolic conditions.

Keywords:
Bongkrekic acidBz-423HepG2Mitochondrial permeability transition poreOligomycinProton uncoupling

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Cellular respiration
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oligomycin is a well-established inhibitor of ATP synthase, blocking proton translocation and oxygen consumption.
  • The precise mechanisms and cellular responses to oligomycin beyond ATP synthesis inhibition are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of oligomycin on mitochondrial proton flux and oxygen uptake beyond its known role as an ATP synthase inhibitor.
  • To characterize the conditions and cellular context under which oligomycin-induced proton uncoupling occurs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing HepG2 and H1299 cell lines to measure oxygen consumption and proton flux.
  • Investigating the effects of varying oligomycin concentrations and metabolic substrates (pyruvate, lactate, glucose).
  • Assessing the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and ATP levels using specific inhibitors (cyclosporin A, bongkrekic acid).

Main Results:

  • Oligomycin induces rapid proton uncoupling, evidenced by the recovery of oxygen uptake to near baseline levels, subsequent to ATP synthesis inhibition.
  • This uncoupling is cell-type specific (rapid in HepG2, slower in H1299) and occurs at specific oligomycin concentrations (0.25-5 μM).
  • While not directly opening the classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore, uncoupling in H1299 cells at higher concentrations suggests pore involvement; it is reversed by glucose and not inhibited by cyclosporin A but is prevented by pre-treatment with bongkrekic acid.

Conclusions:

  • Oligomycin induces a rapid, ATP synthesis-independent proton uncoupling mechanism in mitochondria.
  • The observed uncoupling is modulated by cellular context, metabolic state, and potentially mitochondrial ATP levels.
  • These findings reveal a novel aspect of oligomycin's action on mitochondrial bioenergetics.