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Related Concept Videos

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
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Using energy balance to determine pore-scale wettability.

Takashi Akai1, Qingyang Lin1, Branko Bijeljic1

  • 1Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP, UK.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study validates thermodynamic contact angle determination in porous media using direct numerical simulation. Results show it accurately represents wettability distribution, even when ignoring viscous dissipation effects.

Keywords:
Contact angleEnergy balanceLattice Boltzmann methodMultiphase flowPorous mediaSurface energyThermodynamic contact angleViscous dissipationWettability

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase flow in porous media
  • Thermodynamics of interfaces
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Thermodynamically consistent contact angles can be derived from energy balance during two-phase displacement.
  • The influence of viscous dissipation on this energy balance and the spatial distribution of wettability require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the determination of thermodynamic contact angles using direct numerical simulation.
  • To assess the impact of viscous dissipation on energy balance.
  • To evaluate pore-by-pore wettability distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Performed two-phase direct numerical simulations on complex 3D porous media.
  • Simulated three wettability states: uniformly water-wet, uniformly oil-wet, and mixed-wet.
  • Computed thermodynamic contact angles from simulated fluid configurations and compared them to input values.

Main Results:

  • Quantified the impact of viscous dissipation, finding it insignificant for water flooding in water-wet and mixed-wet media.
  • Demonstrated accurate estimation of a representative contact angle for the entire domain, even when ignoring viscous effects.
  • Showed that the spatial distribution of wettability can be represented by pore-by-pore computed thermodynamic contact angles.

Conclusions:

  • Direct numerical simulation effectively validates thermodynamic contact angle determination.
  • Viscous dissipation has a negligible impact on the energy balance for the studied water flooding scenarios.
  • The thermodynamic contact angle provides a robust method for characterizing both overall and spatially distributed wettability in porous media.