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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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MALAT1 Long Non-Coding RNA: Functional Implications.

Gayatri Arun1, Disha Aggarwal2,3, David L Spector2,3

  • 1Envisagenics, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA.

Non-Coding RNA
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA involved in gene regulation and various diseases, particularly cancer. While dispensable for normal development, MALAT1 offers potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
MALAT1lncRNAnon-coding RNApre-mRNA splicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The mammalian genome undergoes pervasive transcription, yielding numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a well-characterized, highly conserved nuclear lncRNA.
  • MALAT1 is abundantly expressed and regulates gene expression at multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of MALAT1.
  • To discuss its functional roles and involvement in diseases, especially cancer.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting MALAT1.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MALAT1 function and disease relevance.
  • Analysis of research on MALAT1's role in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
  • Examination of therapeutic approaches including antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules.

Main Results:

  • MALAT1 is dispensable for normal mouse development and viability.
  • MALAT1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, notably cancer.
  • MALAT1's context-dependent regulatory functions are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • MALAT1 is a key player in disease processes, particularly cancer.
  • Targeting MALAT1 presents promising therapeutic opportunities.
  • Further research into MALAT1's mechanisms can inform novel treatment strategies.