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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
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The fifth cranial nerve in headaches.

J C A Edvinsson1,2, A Viganò3, A Alekseeva4

  • 1Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. jacob.edvinsson@sund.ku.dk.

The Journal of Headache and Pain
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve) is central to many headaches and facial pain conditions. This review details its neuroanatomy, related pathologies like primary headaches and neuropathies, and current treatments.

Keywords:
CGRPFifth cranial nerveHeadacheMigraine pathophysiologyTreatmentsTrigeminal ganglion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anatomy
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • The trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve) is a key sensory pathway for the head and face.
  • It originates from the trigeminal ganglion and connects to the brainstem.
  • This nerve is implicated in various pain pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuroanatomical structures and pathways of the trigeminal system.
  • To elucidate the link between the trigeminal nerve and headache pathologies.
  • To provide an overview of primary headaches, painful neuropathies, and their treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroanatomy and pain pathways.
  • Synthesis of current research on trigeminal nerve-related headaches and neuropathies.
  • Analysis of pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of trigeminal neuroanatomy and sensory pathways.
  • Identification of the trigeminal nerve's role in primary headaches and neuropathies.
  • Summary of current therapeutic approaches for trigeminal pain.

Conclusions:

  • The trigeminal nerve is fundamental to understanding facial pain and headaches.
  • Further research into trigeminal pathways can improve treatment strategies.
  • This review serves as a foundational resource for scientists studying headache disorders.