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Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

Brain-derived nerve growth factor in the cochlea - a reproducibility study.

Brian W Blakley¹, Michael Seaman², Abdulrahman Alenezi²

¹Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada. bblakley@exchange.hsc.mb.ca.

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery = Le Journal D'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale

|June 7, 2020

Summary

Intracochlear brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) injections showed a modest hearing improvement in guinea pigs with partial hearing loss. While confirming previous findings, the current method

Keywords:

Auditory brainstem response Brain-derived nerve growth factor Hearing Ototoxicity

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Otolaryngology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) is crucial for cochlear development.
BDNF delivery to the cochlea may restore hearing loss.
Previous studies suggested BDNF's potential benefit for hearing.

Purpose of the Study:

Confirm the efficacy of single intracochlear BDNF injections in guinea pigs.
Assess the reproducibility of previous findings.
Explore improved methods for potential clinical application in sensorineural hearing loss.

Main Methods:

Partial hearing loss was induced using CDDP in 25 guinea pigs.
Animals received unilateral BDNF or saline injections via the round window.
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) thresholds were measured before and after treatment.

Main Results:

BDNF-treated ears showed an average improvement of 11 dB in ABR thresholds.
Final ABR thresholds ranged from 60-70 dB.
The observed improvement was statistically significant but modest.

Conclusions:

The study confirmed that intracochlear BDNF can improve hearing in guinea pigs.
The observed hearing improvement is currently insufficient for clinical use.
Further research is needed to optimize BDNF delivery for therapeutic applications.