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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
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Editorial Commentary: Hip Joint Space as a Predictor of Cartilage Pathology: A Basic Tool for a Complex Task.

Timothy J Jackson1, Seth Boydstun1

  • 1Pasadena, California (S.B.).

Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Radiographic joint space width is unreliable for predicting hip cartilage damage when joint spaces exceed 2 mm. Advanced imaging like magnetic resonance imaging is recommended alongside X-rays for accurate hip pathology assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Assessing hip articular cartilage pathology often relies on radiographic joint space width (JSW).
  • However, JSW measurements can be unreliable, particularly when joint spaces are wider than 2 mm.
  • This limitation necessitates exploring complementary diagnostic methods.

Discussion:

  • Radiographic JSW is a commonly used metric but has inherent limitations in accurately predicting cartilage health.
  • The >2 mm threshold indicates a point where JSW's predictive power diminishes significantly.
  • Integrating advanced imaging modalities is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation.

Key Insights:

  • Joint space width measurement in hip radiography is not a definitive predictor of articular cartilage pathology for wider joint spaces (>2 mm).
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior detail for cartilage assessment compared to standard radiography.
  • A multimodal approach combining radiographic and advanced imaging techniques improves diagnostic accuracy.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on refining JSW measurement techniques or developing novel radiographic biomarkers.
  • The clinical integration of MRI alongside JSW measurements can lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of hip joint disease.
  • Enhanced imaging protocols will improve patient management and treatment strategies for hip osteoarthritis.