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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Manipulating magnetoelectric energy landscape in multiferroics.

Yen-Lin Huang1,2, Dmitri Nikonov3, Christopher Addiego4

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Nature Communications
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Lanthanum substitution in bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) enhances magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. This modification alters the material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics like bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is crucial for low-power spintronics and memory devices.
  • Understanding magnetoelectric coupling in chemically modified BiFeO3 requires further investigation despite extensive research on its ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Lanthanum (La) substitution at the Bi-site on the magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3.
  • To elucidate the relationship between structural, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties in La-substituted BiFeO3.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical modification of BiFeO3 by substituting Lanthanum (La) at the Bi-site.
  • Analysis of the potential energy landscape and polar axis orientation.
  • Investigation of the antiferromagnetic axis rotation and its relation to ferroelectric polarization and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector.

Main Results:

  • La substitution increases the degeneracy of the potential energy landscape in BiFeO3.
  • A rotation of the polar axis from <111>pc towards <112>pc is observed with La substitution.
  • The antiferromagnetic axis rotates correspondingly, preserving the vectorial relationship between ferroelectric polarization, antiferromagnetic vector, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vector.

Conclusions:

  • La-substituted BiFeO3 exhibits a distinct magnetoelectric coupling mechanism compared to undoped BiFeO3.
  • The observed structural and magnetic reorientation due to La substitution offers new avenues for tuning magnetoelectric properties in multiferroic materials.