Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

592
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
592
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

116
Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
116
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

99
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
99
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.5K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.5K
Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

60.1K
A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
60.1K
Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment01:29

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

116
Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...
116

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simple Surface Charge Engineering of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Potent Dual-Mode Photoinactivation of Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Synthesis of functionalized chitosan hydrogels for pH-responsive drug delivery.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

From ascorbic acid to N-acetylcysteine: self-assembled clarithromycin liquid crystals as a new generation of carrier-free antibiotics.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2026
Same author

Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in Drug-Delivery Technologies: Advances from Rational Design to Therapeutic Applications.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Optimization of sustainable processes for the development of semi-solid microemulsions containing plant active substances of <i>Salvia rosmarinus</i> Spenn.

Drug development and industrial pharmacy·2025
Same author

Carrier-free cholesteric liquid crystal and xerogel of clarithromycin-ascorbic acid with enhanced antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

8.7K

Exploring solid forms of oxytetracycline hydrochloride.

Maria S Bueno1, Guadalupe G Miñambres2, Agustina Bongioanni1

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA) CONICET-UNC, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride exhibits polymorphism, impacting drug absorption. This study identified four solid forms with similar antimicrobial activity, suggesting potential for new therapeutic uses.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial activityOxytetracycline hydrochloridePolymorphismSolid-state nuclear magnetic resonanceSolubilityX-ray diffraction

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

14.2K
Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in Escherichia coli
12:29

Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in Escherichia coli

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

8.7K
Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

14.2K
Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in Escherichia coli
12:29

Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in Escherichia coli

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known for its polymorphic nature, leading to variable oral absorption.
  • Lack of robust solid-state characterization and inconsistent nomenclature complicate the identification of raw oxytetracycline hydrochloride materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize novel solid forms of oxytetracycline hydrochloride.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of these identified solid forms.
  • To explore the potential of these polymorphs as candidates for drug repositioning.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallization of oxytetracycline hydrochloride from isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and methanol.
  • Characterization using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal analysis (DSC/TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
  • Solubility determination in aqueous, simulated gastric, and simulated intestinal fluids.
  • Microbiological assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared and identified four distinct solid forms of oxytetracycline hydrochloride: three stable and one metastable.
  • Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the unique nature of each solid form.
  • All identified polymorphs demonstrated comparable antimicrobial efficacy against tested bacterial strains.

Conclusions:

  • The characterized solid forms of oxytetracycline hydrochloride offer distinct physicochemical profiles.
  • The consistent antimicrobial activity across polymorphs supports their potential for drug repositioning strategies.
  • Further research into these solid forms could lead to novel therapeutic alternatives using existing antibiotics.