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A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

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Electrokinetic biased deterministic lateral displacement: scaling analysis and simulations.

Victor Calero¹, Pablo García-Sánchez², Antonio Ramos²

¹School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|June 8, 2020

Summary

Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices use AC electric fields to improve particle separation. Low-frequency electric fields enhance separation at lower voltages than high-frequency dielectrophoresis, revealing complex electrokinetic effects.

Keywords:

Dielectrophoresis Electric fields Electrokinetics Electrophoresis Microfluidics Microparticles

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Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Biophysics
Particle Separation

Background:

Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic technique for particle size-based segregation using micropillar arrays.
Applying AC electric fields orthogonal to flow enhances DLD separation, with deflection dependent on field magnitude and frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and compare particle separation enhancement in DLD devices at low and high AC electric field frequencies.
To investigate the underlying electrokinetic mechanisms responsible for particle deflection in different frequency regimes.

Main Methods:

Experimental application of AC electric fields across DLD devices with varying frequencies and magnitudes.
Theoretical modeling and simulation of particle trajectories under dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrokinetic forces.
Comparison of predicted deviation angles with experimental data.

Main Results:

Particle deviation in DLD occurs in two regimes: negative DEP at high frequencies and electrophoresis-driven oscillation at low frequencies (< 1 kHz).
Low-frequency deflection requires significantly lower electric field magnitudes compared to high-frequency DEP.
Experimental and theoretical scaling laws were developed for high-frequency DEP, showing good agreement between simulations and data.
At low frequencies, electrohydrodynamic flows, not just DEP, influence particle motion, indicating limitations of DEP-only models above 1 kHz.

Conclusions:

AC electric fields significantly enhance particle separation in DLD devices, with distinct mechanisms dominating at low and high frequencies.
Low-frequency electrokinetic phenomena, including electrohydrodynamic flows, offer a more energy-efficient route for particle manipulation in DLD compared to high-frequency DEP.
A comprehensive electrokinetic model is necessary to accurately describe particle behavior in DLD devices across a wide range of AC electric field frequencies.