Epigenetics, HIV, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Epigenetics

Background:

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor.
• Antiretroviral therapy has increased lifespan for people living with HIV (PLHIV), leading to higher prevalence of age-related diseases like CVD.
• CVD manifests earlier in PLHIV compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review epigenetic biomarkers for predicting CVD risk in PLHIV.
• To identify underlying biomechanisms predisposing PLHIV to CVD.
• To elucidate potential intervention points for CVD in PLHIV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epigenetic markers associated with CVD in PLHIV.
• Analysis of studies investigating DNA methylation as a biomarker.
• Synthesis of findings to understand disease mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Epigenetic biomarkers, particularly DNA methylation, show potential for predicting CVD risk and treatment response in PLHIV.
• These biomarkers may reveal mechanisms driving accelerated CVD in PLHIV.
• The review highlights the need for further research into specific epigenetic alterations.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetic markers offer promising avenues for CVD risk stratification and management in PLHIV.
• Understanding epigenetic changes is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
• Further research is warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice.