Overview of multimodal analgesia initiated in the perioperative setting

Despite progress in pain management in the perioperative setting, the literature is full of evidence that managing postoperative pain is suboptimal. Since the mechanism of pain is complex, the use of multimodal technique allows clinicians to use a combination of two or more drugs targeting different areas of pain transmission because of surgery. As part of enhanced recovery initiatives after surgery, healthcare and professional organisations incorporate the use of multimodal analgesia in surgical guidelines to improve patient satisfaction. This review aims to understand and summarise the current body of evidence involving the most common pharmacological therapies to manage postoperative pain in the preoperative setting.