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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Integumentary System01:25

Introduction to the Integumentary System

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The integumentary system is the organ system that comprises the skin and its associated structures. It is the largest system in the human body and plays a crucial role in protecting and maintaining homeostasis. The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, regulation, sensation, and secretion.
The skin, which is the primary organ of the integumentary system, consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue). The epidermis is the...
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Tissue Membranes01:27

Tissue Membranes

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A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions
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Skin - a vast organ with immunological function (Review).

Minela Aida Maranduca1, Loredana Liliana Hurjui1, Daniel Constantin Branisteanu2

  • 1Department of Physiology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|June 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The skin barrier relies on keratinization and microbial flora. Disruptions trigger inflammation and immune responses, impacting skin health and leading to diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

Keywords:
barriercytokineskeratinocytelymphocytesskin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The skin serves crucial functions, including inflammatory and immunological processes, necessitating an intact skin barrier.
  • Skin barrier integrity depends on physiological keratinization and a balanced cutaneous microbial flora.
  • Specialized immune cells in the skin, such as Langerhans cells and T cells, maintain immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the inflammatory and immunological processes occurring in the skin.
  • To highlight the role of skin barrier function in health and disease.
  • To discuss the involvement of skin immunity in conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and pemphigus.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on skin inflammation and immunity.
  • It examines the mechanisms of skin barrier formation and disruption.
  • The role of immune cells and their balance in skin homeostasis is discussed.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation disrupt the skin barrier, initiating inflammatory responses.
  • Disturbances in immune homeostasis lead to inflammation and allergic skin reactions.
  • Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and pemphigus involve perturbations in skin barrier mechanisms and immune system activity.

Conclusions:

  • The skin's inflammatory and immunological processes are central to its barrier function and overall health.
  • Understanding these processes is key to addressing inflammatory skin diseases.
  • Maintaining skin immune homeostasis is vital for preventing inflammatory and allergic skin conditions.