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Three Weeks of Detraining Does Not Decrease Muscle Thickness, Strength or Sport Performance in Adolescent Athletes.

Simon Gavanda1, Stephan Geisler1, Oliver J Quitmann2

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International Journal of Exercise Science
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Summary

Block and daily undulating periodized resistance training equally improved adolescent athletes' performance. Three weeks of detraining did not negatively impact strength, muscle mass, or athletic performance, regardless of training type.

Keywords:
American FootballYouthhypertrophyperiodizationresistance trainingweight training

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Adolescent Sports Performance

Background:

  • Resistance training (RT) is crucial for developing strength, muscle mass, and athletic performance in adolescents.
  • Understanding the effects of different periodization models, such as block (BLOCK) and daily undulating periodization (DUP), is important for optimizing training.
  • The impact of detraining on these adaptations in young athletes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of BLOCK and DUP resistance training on hypertrophy, strength, and athletic performance in adolescent males.
  • To examine the impact of a subsequent three-week detraining period on these same measures.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one male adolescents (16 ± 0.7 years) were randomized into BLOCK or DUP 12-week resistance training groups (3 sessions/week).
  • Measurements included body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, muscle thickness, 1RM squat and bench press, countermovement jump (CMJ), peak power, medicine ball put, and sprint times.
  • Assessments were conducted pre-RT, post-RT, and post-three-week detraining.

Main Results:

  • Both BLOCK and DUP resistance training significantly improved strength, muscle mass, and athletic performance, with no significant differences between the groups.
  • Following detraining, only fat mass increased, and fat-free mass decreased slightly; all other performance and hypertrophy measures remained significantly elevated compared to pre-training.
  • A strong correlation was observed between the percentage change from RT and the decrease during detraining for CMJ and medicine ball put performance.

Conclusions:

  • Block and daily undulating periodized resistance training are equally effective for enhancing strength, muscle mass, and athletic performance in adolescent athletes.
  • Three weeks of detraining does not significantly impair muscle thickness, strength, or sport performance in this population, irrespective of the prior training periodization model.
  • The observed detraining effects were minimal, with performance metrics remaining elevated above baseline levels.