Protection of Cattle Elicited Using a Bivalent Lumpy Skin Disease Virus-Vectored Recombinant Rift Valley Fever...

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Vaccine Development
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are significant livestock diseases with similar African distribution.
• Control strategies are challenged by disease spread via animal movement, vectors, and bioterrorism.
• A single vaccine for both diseases could improve vaccination consistency and cost-effectiveness, particularly for RVF control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To construct a recombinant lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) expressing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins.
• To evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the bivalent vaccine candidate (LSD-RVF.mf) in cattle.

Main Methods:

• Homologous recombination was used to insert RVFV Gn and Gc genes into the LSDV thymidine kinase gene.
• Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and GPT selection markers were employed for recombinant virus selection and marker gene removal.
• The recombinant virus, LSD-RVF.mf, was purified, characterized, and tested in cattle for protection against LSD and RVF.

Main Results:

• A recombinant LSDV expressing RVFV glycoproteins (LSD-RVF.mf) was successfully constructed and purified.
• The bivalent vaccine candidate was demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in cattle.
• Vaccinated cattle showed protection against both lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever.

Conclusions:

• The recombinant LSD-RVF.mf vaccine is a safe and effective bivalent vaccine for cattle.
• This development offers a promising strategy for controlling both LSD and RVF simultaneously.
• The bivalent vaccine may enhance sustainable vaccination programs and reduce disease-related economic losses.