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Development and Experimental Verification of an Ergonomic Backpack.

Mohamed Z Ramadan¹, Sultan N Al-Tayyar¹

¹Industrial Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.

Biomed Research International

|June 9, 2020

Summary

A new ergonomic school backpack design effectively reduces body strain by distributing weight, even at loads exceeding 10% of body weight. This innovative design enhances comfort and minimizes muscle stress for students carrying heavy loads.

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Area of Science:

Ergonomics and Biomechanics
Human Factors Engineering

Background:

Heavy school backpacks are a significant cause of children's body strain.
Current recommendations suggest backpack load should not exceed 10% of a child's body weight, necessitating continuous monitoring.
Ergonomic design principles can mitigate these issues by optimizing weight distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore how an ergonomically designed school backpack, based on anthropometric data and ergonomic parameters, reduces force concentration on the shoulders and back.
To validate the developed prototype through experimental verification and comparison with a commercial backpack.

Main Methods:

An experimental study involving 30 college students (aged 19-23) was conducted.
Independent variables included backpack type (developed vs. commercial) and load levels (10%, 15%, 20% of body weight).
Responses measured were subjective comfort scale and electromyography (EMG) of erector spine, abdominal oblique, and trapezius muscles (%MVC).

Main Results:

The developed backpack demonstrated superior performance at 15% and 20% body weight loads in subjective and EMG measures.
Increasing load above 10% reduced erector spinae muscle activity but increased abdominal oblique muscle activity.
The design effectively distributed weight via side pockets and dual straps, preventing pressure concentration.

Conclusions:

The developed ergonomic backpack design is effective in reducing strain and improving comfort.
The design's weight distribution system, utilizing side pockets and dual straps, is key to its success.
This study validates the importance of user anthropometry and ergonomic principles in school backpack design.