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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function
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Causes and consequences of sperm mitochondrial dysfunction.

Damayanthi Durairajanayagam1, Dipty Singh2, Ashok Agarwal3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.

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|June 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria are vital for sperm function and fertility. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs sperm motility and can cause male infertility, highlighting their importance in reproductive health assessments.

Keywords:
male infertilitymitochondrial DNAmitochondrial membrane potentialoxidative stresssperm mitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Function

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial for numerous cellular processes, including energy production and apoptosis.
  • They play a significant role in male reproductive functions from spermatogenesis to fertilization.
  • Proper mitochondrial function, including membrane potential, is essential for sperm motility, capacitation, and DNA integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of mitochondria in human sperm function.
  • To explore the causes and consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction on male fertility.
  • To emphasize the importance of mitochondrial health in assessing male infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mitochondria and sperm function.
  • Analysis of the impact of mitochondrial defects on sperm parameters.
  • Discussion of mitochondrial DNA integrity and copy number in relation to semen quality.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial defects severely impact energy production, leading to impaired sperm motility (asthenozoospermia).
  • Sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is vulnerable to oxidative damage and mutations, affecting fertility.
  • Males with abnormal semen parameters exhibit increased mtDNA copy number and reduced mtDNA integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal mitochondrial activity is critical for human sperm function and overall semen quality.
  • Understanding sperm mitochondrial function offers insights into male infertility assessment.
  • Targeting mitochondrial health may present future therapeutic strategies for male reproductive disorders.