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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
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Is an artificial limb embodied as a hand? Brain decoding in prosthetic limb users.

Roni O Maimon-Mor1,2, Tamar R Makin1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Plos Biology
|June 9, 2020
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The concept of neural embodiment, where the brain integrates artificial limbs as part of the body, is crucial for advancing human-machine interfaces.
  • Understanding how the brain processes artificial limbs is key to optimizing prosthetic technology and user adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural embodiment in the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) of prosthesis users using functional MRI (fMRI).
  • To explore the relationship between prosthesis usage, visual categorization, and neural representation in the OTC.
  • To challenge existing theories of visual prosthesis embodiment by examining how users represent their own prostheses.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to study brain activity in prosthesis users and control groups.
  • Visual stimuli included various prostheses, hands, and tools, with participants' neural responses analyzed for categorization patterns.
  • Correlation analysis was performed between daily prosthesis usage and the emergence of distinct neural categories for prostheses.

Main Results:

  • Prosthesis users exhibited a dissociated categorization of different prosthesis types, viewing them more similarly to each other than to hands or tools.
  • Increased daily use of prostheses correlated positively with the development of this distinct neural categorization.
  • Prosthesis users represented their own prostheses more differently from hands compared to how controls represented similar-looking artificial limbs, challenging conventional embodiment views.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a use-dependent neural mechanism for adopting wearable technology, demonstrating adaptive plasticity in the occipitotemporal cortex.
  • Neural correlates of prosthesis representation were found to be independent of the artificial limb's appearance and control method.
  • Findings suggest new avenues for prosthesis design, potentially moving beyond the constraints of traditional embodiment theories for artificial limbs.