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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Updated: Dec 19, 2025

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Comparative ACE2 variation and primate COVID-19 risk.

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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant threat to nonhuman primates. Apes and many monkeys are highly susceptible due to similar ACE2 receptors, risking their survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate Virology
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Infectious Disease Ecology

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic.
  • Nonhuman primates, especially endangered species, are potentially threatened by SARS-CoV-2.
  • Understanding primate susceptibility is crucial for conservation efforts.

Approach:

  • Analyzed amino acid residues at critical contact points on the ACE2 receptor across various primate species.
  • Utilized protein modeling to predict the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to different primate ACE2 variants.
  • Compared ACE2 sequences of apes, Old World monkeys (catarrhines), New World monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, and lorisoids to human ACE2.

Key Points:

  • Apes, African monkeys, and Asian monkeys (catarrhines) possess human-like ACE2 residues, suggesting high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • New World monkeys and some prosimians (tarsiers, lemurs, lorisoids) exhibit ACE2 variations predicted to reduce viral binding affinity.
  • Certain lemur species are predicted to have intermediate susceptibility, similar to catarrhines.

Conclusions:

  • Apes and Old World monkeys are likely highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, posing a critical threat to their populations.
  • Conservation strategies must consider the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to susceptible primate species.
  • Further research and protective measures are urgently needed to safeguard nonhuman primates from the virus.