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Artificial Biosystems by Printing Biology.

Giuseppe Arrabito1, Vittorio Ferrara1,2, Aurelio Bonasera1

  • 1Department of Physics and Chemistry - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 17, Palermo, 90128, Italy.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Printing Biology merges printing technologies with synthetic biology to create artificial biosystems. This innovative field enables the direct assembly of life-like structures for biotechnology and fabrication advancements.

Keywords:
aqueous compartmentsartificial biosystemslife-like systemsmolecular printingsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Printing technologies have advanced significantly over the last two decades, enabling diverse applications.
  • Recent advancements extend printing methodologies into Artificial Biology for direct assembly of Artificial Biosystems.
  • This progress defines a new field: Printing Biology, bridging printing and bottom-up Synthetic Biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the emerging field of Printing Biology.
  • To highlight key features including printing methodologies, molecular ink properties, and deposition mechanisms.
  • To discuss current applications and future challenges in Printing Biology.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of 2D and 3D printing methodologies.
  • Analysis of molecular ink properties for biological applications.
  • Investigation of deposition mechanisms for controlled assembly.

Main Results:

  • Printing Biology offers new paradigms for assembling Artificial Biosystems (condensates, compartments, networks, tissues, organs).
  • It enables the creation of reconfigurable, life-like, or life-inspired structures.
  • The field leverages both mimicking natural evolution and redesigning biological systems.

Conclusions:

  • Printing Biology represents a convergence of printing and Synthetic Biology.
  • It holds significant potential for advancing biotechnology and life-inspired fabrication.
  • The field is poised for substantial growth and impact in the coming years.