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Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19
Jinfeng Bao1, Chenxi Li1, Kai Zhang2
1Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
Insights
Certain laboratory tests can predict COVID-19 severity. Key indicators include lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer, offering vital insights for disease management.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant global health threat.
- Understanding laboratory findings is crucial for diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients.
- Identifying predictors of disease progression is essential for effective patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify laboratory findings that can predict the progression of COVID-19 from non-severe to severe cases.
- To compare laboratory parameters between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patient groups.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was conducted.
- Data from 35 articles, encompassing 5912 COVID-19 patients, were analyzed.
- Laboratory findings of severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases were compared.
Main Results:
- Severe COVID-19 cases showed significantly higher levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), AST, ALT, LDH, CK, CK-MB, total bilirubin, urea, creatine, PT, and D-dimer.
- Conversely, severe cases exhibited lower levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, platelets (PLT), albumin, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).
- Significant differences were observed in lymphocyte subsets (lower CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells) and inflammatory cytokines (higher IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in severe cases.
Conclusions:
- Specific laboratory tests, including lymphocyte counts, CRP, PCT, ALT, AST, LDH, D-dimer, CD4 T cells, and IL-6 levels, can predict COVID-19 disease progression.
- These laboratory markers provide valuable signals for preventing disease deterioration.
- Early identification of at-risk patients through laboratory monitoring can aid in timely clinical intervention.
Background:
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has threaten the global health. The characteristics of laboratory findings of coronavirus are of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We found indicators that may most effectively predict a non-severe COVID-19 patient develop into a severe patient.
Methods:
We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the laboratory findings of severe patients with non-severe patients with COVID-19 from searched articles.
Results:
Through the analysis of laboratory examination information of patients with COVID-19 from 35 articles (5912 patients), we demonstrated that severe cases possessed higher levels of leukocyte (1.20-fold), neutrophil (1.33-fold), CRP (3.04-fold), PCT (2.00-fold), ESR (1.44-fold), AST (1.40-fold), ALT (1.34-fold), LDH (1.54-fold), CK (1.44-fold), CK-MB (1.39-fold), total bilirubin (1.14-fold), urea (1.28-fold), creatine (1.09-fold), PT (1.03-fold) and D-dimer (2.74-fold), as well as lower levels of lymphocytes (1.44-fold), eosinophil (2.00-fold), monocyte (1.08-fold), Hemoglobin (1.53-fold), PLT (1.15-fold), albumin (1.15-fold), and APTT (1.02-fold). Lymphocyte subsets and series of inflammatory cytokines were also different in severe cases with the non-severe ones, including lower levels of CD4 T cells (2.10-fold) and CD8 T cells (2.00-fold), higher levels of IL-1β (1.02-fold), IL-6 (1.93-fold) and IL-10 (1.55-fold).
Conclusions:
Some certain laboratory inspections could predict the progress of the COVID-19 changes, especially lymphocytes, CRP, PCT, ALT, AST, LDH, D-dimer, CD4 T cells and IL6, which provide valuable signals for preventing the deterioration of the disease.
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