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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Protocol for MicroRNA Transfer into Adult Bone Marrow-derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable Cell Engineering Combined with Magnetic Targeting
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MicroRNAs in hematopoietic stem cell aging.

Daniëlle Gaby Luinenburg1, Gerald de Haan1

  • 1Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|June 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) decline due to intrinsic factors. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of HSC self-renewal and differentiation, impacting tissue aging and offering future research directions.

Keywords:
AgingHematopoietic stem cellmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo functional decline with age.
  • This decline is primarily due to cell-intrinsic factors governing HSC quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation.
  • MicroRNAs (miRs) are critical regulators in HSC biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRs) in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation throughout life.
  • To explore the implications of miRs in HSC aging and tissue aging processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRs, HSCs, and aging.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying miR-mediated regulation of HSC function.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence linking miRs to age-related changes in HSCs.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRs) play an indispensable role in maintaining HSC function across the lifespan.
  • Dysregulation of specific miRs contributes to the functional decline of HSCs during aging.
  • miRs also influence age-related processes in other cell types, highlighting their broad impact on tissue aging.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are crucial regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate and function throughout life.
  • Understanding miR roles in HSC aging is vital for developing strategies to combat age-related stem cell dysfunction.
  • Targeting miRs presents a promising avenue for future research in regenerative medicine and aging.