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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Fully Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection from Whole Blood

Fully Automated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection from Whole Blood

Published on: April 16, 2016

Sensitive Detection of C-Reactive Protein by One-Step Method Based on a Waveguide-Mode Sensor.

Hiroki Ashiba¹, Chiaki Oyamada², Kazuya Hosokawa²

¹Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 10, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new one-step biosensing method uses a waveguide-mode optical sensor for rapid, sensitive detection of biological substances like C-reactive protein (CRP). This simplified approach achieves a minimal detectable CRP concentration of 10 pM.

Keywords:

evanescent light gold nanoparticle immunoassay one-step method optical sensor waveguide-mode resonance

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Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

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Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

Published on: February 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Optical Sensing Technologies
Immunodiagnostics

Background:

One-step biosensing offers simplified and rapid detection of biological substances.
Optical sensors, particularly waveguide-mode sensors, leverage evanescent light for sensitive detection.
Existing methods may lack simplicity or sensitivity in quantitative protein detection.

Discussion:

A one-step immunoassay was developed using a waveguide-mode optical sensor.
Streptavidin and gold-nanoparticle-conjugated antibodies facilitate target capture and signal generation.
The sensor detects target substances by measuring signal changes from immunocomplex binding.

Key Insights:

The developed method simplifies quantitative protein detection.
High sensitivity was demonstrated with a limit of detection of 10 pM for C-reactive protein (CRP).
The assay integrates antibody conjugation, target reaction, and detection into a single step.

Outlook:

Potential for broader application in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.
Further optimization could enhance detection limits and expand the range of detectable analytes.
This platform offers a promising alternative to complex, multi-step protein assays.