Investigation on the Electrochemical Performances of Mn₂O₃ as a Potential Anode for Na-Ion Batteries

Currently, the development of the sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries has been accelerated to meet the energy demands of large-scale power applications. The difficulty of obtaining suitable electrode materials capable of storing large amount of Na-ion arises from the large radius of Na-ion that restricts its reversible capacity. Herein, Mn₂O₃ powders are synthesised through the thermal conversion of MnCO₃ and reported for the first time as an anode for Na-ion batteries. The phase, morphology and charge/discharge characteristics of Mn₂O₃ obtained are evaluated systematically. The cubic-like Mn₂O₃ with particle sizes approximately 1.0-1.5 µm coupled with the formation of Mn₂O₃ sub-units on its surface create a positive effect on the insertion/deinsertion of Na-ion. Mn₂O₃ delivers a first discharge capacity of 544 mAh g^-1 and retains its capacity by 85% after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^-1, demonstrating the excellent cyclability of the Mn₂O₃ electrode. Therefore, this study provides a significant contribution towards exploring the potential of Mn₂O₃ as a promising anode in the development of Na-ion batteries.