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Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Probability Laws

Probability Laws

Heritability

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...

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Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

Relatedness coefficients in pedigrees with inbred founders.

Magnus Dehli Vigeland¹

¹Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. magnusdv@medisin.uio.no.

Journal of Mathematical Biology

|June 10, 2020

Summary

This study introduces inbred founders into pedigree analysis, enhancing relatedness coefficient calculations and enabling efficient computation for a broader range of pedigrees. It also advances the understanding of constructibility, allowing practical computer analysis of general solutions.

Keywords:

IBD triangle Identity coefficients Inbreeding Kinship Pedigree construction Relatedness

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Area of Science:

Quantitative genetics
Statistical genetics
Computational biology

Background:

Standard pedigree analysis methods face challenges with inbred founders.
Efficient computation of relatedness coefficients is crucial for genetic studies.
Constructibility of relatedness coefficients is a complex theoretical problem.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the standard pedigree analysis framework by incorporating inbred founders.
To address practical challenges in calculating relatedness and condensed identity coefficients.
To investigate the constructibility of relatedness coefficients and enable practical computational analysis.

Main Methods:

Developed an extension to the standard pedigree analysis framework.
Incorporated inbred founders to simplify relatedness coefficient calculations.
Implemented computational methods in the R package ribd for analysis.

Main Results:

Solved practical challenges in calculating coefficients of relatedness and condensed identity coefficients.
Significantly expanded the class of pedigrees for which coefficients can be efficiently computed.
Demonstrated that any theoretically admissible coefficients for noninbred individuals can be produced by a finite pedigree with inbred founders.

Conclusions:

The framework with inbred founders offers efficient computation for a wider range of pedigrees.
This approach enables practical computer analysis of general constructibility solutions for relatedness coefficients.
The findings facilitate modeling background inbreeding as a continuous effect and advance genetic research applications.