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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

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Body:In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
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Glucovigilance in COVID-19.

Roberta Lamptey1, Sédrick Ahomagnon2, Franklin Acheampong3

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|June 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

People with diabetes face higher risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review offers guidance for diabetes care in low-income countries, addressing challenges and opportunities.

Keywords:
COVID-19, Glucovigilance, Prognosis, Diabetologists, Social distancing, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare delivery.
  • Diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities are associated with increased severity, prolonged recovery, and mortality from COVID-19.
  • Previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS provide insights into coronaviral disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a brief review of best practices for diabetes care in low-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To highlight challenges and opportunities in managing diabetes amidst the pandemic.
  • To inform clinicians on current data and evolving therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of available data on COVID-19 and diabetes care.
  • Informed by data from SARS and MERS outbreaks.
  • Discussion of glucovigilance, investigational drugs, and virtual care models.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with diabetes are at elevated risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Diabetes care services require adaptation to pandemic conditions, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • Clinicians managing diabetes are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent sharing of best practices is crucial for diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Adapting care models, including virtual options, is essential.
  • Continued vigilance and research into treatments are necessary for vulnerable populations.