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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Quantification of Monocyte Chemotactic Activity In Vivo and Characterization of Blood Monocyte Derived Macrophages
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Epigenetics in non-classical monocytes support their pro-inflammatory gene expression.

Lu Zhang1, Thomas P Hofer2, Adam M Zawada3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.

Immunobiology
|June 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Decreased microRNAs and CpG hypo-methylation in non-classical monocytes enhance TRIM8 expression, leading to higher TNF cytokine levels. This reveals a key mechanism for monocyte immune responses.

Keywords:
Cytokine productionMonocyte subsetsNF-κB pathwayNext generation sequencingSignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Non-classical human monocytes exhibit high TNF cytokine expression, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Identifying regulatory factors unique to these monocytes is crucial for understanding their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and CpG methylation in regulating TNF expression in non-classical monocytes.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications to cytokine production.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of non-classical monocytes using CD14 and CD16 expression.
  • miRNA and mRNA profiling to identify differentially expressed molecules.
  • CpG methylation analysis to detect epigenetic alterations.
  • Analysis of non-classical monocytes (slan expression) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Unique miRNAs and CpG methylation sites were identified in non-classical monocytes.
  • Down-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-20a-5p, miRNA-106b-5p) correlated with increased TRIM8 mRNA.
  • Hypo-methylated CpG sites, including those near TRIM8, were associated with increased mRNA levels.
  • LPS stimulation maintained low miRNA levels and high TRIM8 mRNA, correlating with a 10-fold TNF mRNA increase.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased miRNAs and CpG hypo-methylation contribute to enhanced TRIM8 expression in non-classical monocytes.
  • This regulatory pathway is implicated in the elevated TNF levels observed in these cells.
  • Findings provide insights into monocyte immune regulation and potential therapeutic targets.