Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

154.5K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
154.5K
Transcription01:17

Transcription

31.9K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
31.9K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.9K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.9K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:35

Transfer RNA Synthesis

3.4K
3.4K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

17.9K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
17.9K
Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

1.6K
Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A novel disubstituted pillar[5]arene as a stationary phase for gas chromatographic separations.

Acta chimica Slovenica·2026
Same author

Tumor Microenvironmental Regulation of CAR T-Cell Therapy in High Risk Medulloblastoma.

Research square·2026
Same author

A Novel Nitrogen Metabolism Pathway in Strain <i>Gordonia</i> sp. TD-46: Genomic and Enzymatic Evidence.

Biology·2026
Same author

FRET-PET regulated semiconducting polymer dots for ultrasensitive and portable ratiometric detection of benzoyl peroxide.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Smartphone-Based Microbubble-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Powered by Classification-Regression Integrated Deep Learning for Portable Quantitative Biomarker Analysis.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Deulorlatinib (TGRX-326) in ALK Gene Fusion Positive NSCLC After Failure of Second-Generation Inhibitors: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase 2 Trial.

Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

In Vitro Transcription Assays and Their Application in Drug Discovery
09:28

In Vitro Transcription Assays and Their Application in Drug Discovery

Published on: September 20, 2016

15.5K

U1 snRNP Telescripting Roles in Transcription and Its Mechanism.

Chao Di1, Byung Ran So1, Zhiqiang Cai1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6148, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
|June 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

U1 snRNP (U1) controls gene transcription length by preventing premature RNA cleavage. Disrupting U1

More Related Videos

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.7K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

In Vitro Transcription Assays and Their Application in Drug Discovery
09:28

In Vitro Transcription Assays and Their Application in Drug Discovery

Published on: September 20, 2016

15.5K
DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

4.7K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Telescripting, a cotranscriptional gene regulation process, utilizes U1 snRNP (U1) to prevent premature 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA).
  • This process is essential for the full-length transcription of numerous protein-coding (pre-mRNAs) and long noncoding (lncRNA) genes.
  • U1's role in telescripting involves U1 snRNA base-pairing with nascent transcripts, similar to its function in splicing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of U1 telescripting and its role in regulating gene transcription.
  • To explore how the balance between U1 telescripting and PCPA influences RNA diversity and gene function.
  • To determine the impact of U1 homeostasis on cellular phenotypes and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized U1 snRNA antisense morpholino oligonucleotide (U1 AMO) to inhibit U1 base-pairing and mimic PCPA.
  • Analyzed the effects of U1 AMO on PCPA in introns and 3'-untranslated regions (3' UTRs) across human tissues.
  • Investigated the relationship between gene size and function, and the role of U1 telescripting in this relationship.
  • Described the U1 complex with cleavage and polyadenylation factors.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of U1 base-pairing led to widespread PCPA, including in introns and 3' UTRs.
  • Changes in the U1 telescripting-PCPA balance generated diverse RNAs, with longer genes showing higher U1 dependence.
  • A gene size-function relationship was revealed, with long genes enriched for developmental functions and short genes for housekeeping/stress responses.
  • Modulating U1 availability significantly altered cell phenotypes, including cancer cell migration and invasion.

Conclusions:

  • U1 telescripting plays a critical role in regulating gene length and function, influencing global gene expression priorities.
  • Intron expansion in metazoan evolution may be linked to U1 telescripting's role in gene expression regulation.
  • Maintaining U1 homeostasis is crucial for cellular function, and U1 represents a potential therapeutic target for diseases like cancer.