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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

mRNA Interactome Capture from Plant Protoplasts
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Small RNA Function in Plants: From Chromatin to the Next Generation.

Jean-Sébastien Parent1,2, Filipe Borges1,2, Atsushi Shimada1,2

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724.

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Plant small RNAs regulate transposons in pollen and seeds, coordinating epigenetic silencing across generations. This mechanism controls genome dosage and prevents incompatible hybridizations via the triploid block.

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Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Small RNA molecules exhibit high specificity in targeting viruses, genes, and transposable elements (TEs).
  • Small RNAs can move between cells and recognize targets in trans, enabling the formation of regulatory networks.
  • Widespread TEs in eukaryotic genomes offer a platform for small RNAs to coordinate epigenetic silencing across developmental and generational time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of plant small RNA in targeting transposons and repeats within pollen and seeds.
  • To explore the mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in germline and early seed development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on small RNA pathways and epigenetic regulation.
  • Analysis of the function of small RNAs in targeting repetitive elements in plant reproductive tissues.

Main Results:

  • Small RNAs play a crucial role in targeting transposons and repeats in plant pollen and seeds.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming during germline and seed development utilizes small RNAs for regulatory control.

Conclusions:

  • Plant small RNAs are integral to epigenetic silencing of transposons in reproductive tissues.
  • This regulatory network contributes to controlling genome dosage, imprinted gene expression, and preventing interspecific hybridization through the triploid block mechanism.