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The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Host glycan utilization within the Bacteroidetes Sus-like paradigm.

Haley A Brown1, Nicole M Koropatkin1

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Bacteroidetes bacteria in the human gut degrade complex host glycans using specialized systems. Understanding these systems offers potential for modulating gut health and reducing inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Gut Microbiome
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Bacteroidetes are abundant Gram-negative bacteria in the human gut.
  • They possess a unique ability to degrade complex carbohydrates (glycans).
  • Some Bacteroidetes scavenge host glycans like mucins, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the Sus-like paradigm of glycan uptake in Bacteroidetes.
  • To detail polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) targeting specific host glycans in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
  • To highlight the implications of targeting sulfated glycans for gut health and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing biochemical studies on Bacteroidetes glycan degradation.
  • Focus on polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
  • Discussion of the Sus-like mechanism for glycan uptake.

Main Results:

  • Bacteroidetes utilize specific PULs to deconstruct host glycans, including heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (DS)/hyaluronic acid (HA).
  • The Sus-like system is central to glycan acquisition in Bacteroidetes.
  • Degradation of highly sulfated host glycans is crucial for Bacteroidetes survival but can trigger inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteroidetes' ability to metabolize host glycans is vital for their ecological success.
  • Understanding these bacterial strategies can inform interventions for gut health.
  • Targeting bacterial carbohydrate metabolism may offer novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory conditions.